What my brother is now, that shall I be when I am dead. The standard versino of the Babylonian Gilgamesh epic: 'He who saw the deep' -- Babylonian texts of the early second millennium BC -- Babylonia texts of the late second millennium BC, from sites in Babylonia -- Babylonian texts of the late second millennium BC, from sites outside Babylonia -- The Sumerian poems of Gilgamesh On one of his journeys, he came across an old man, Utnapishtim, who told Gilgamesh a … The fullest extant text of the Gilgamesh epic is on 12 incomplete Akkadian-language tablets found in the mid-19th century by the Turkish Assyriologist Hormuzd Rassam at Nineveh in the library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (reigned 668–627 bce).The gaps that occur in the tablets have been partly filled by various fragments found elsewhere in Mesopotamia and Anatolia. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Sumerian mythic narrative, the oldest surviving work of its kind in the world. The Sumerian King List states him as a postdiluvian ruler, meaning that he lived after the great flood. Apr 22, 2020 #1 it is so dope tbh this sumerian niggas surely had taste. Gilgamesh rejects Ishtar/Inanna when she tries to seduce him. (Sandars, 97). https://www.ancient.eu/gilgamesh/. Other tales mentioning Gilgamesh also represent him as the great hero and the historical king was eventually accorded completely divine status as a god. New York. Gilgamesh was not only an epic hero, but a historical king of Uruk who appears in contemporary letter and inscriptions found by archeologists. Written by Joshua J. Mesopotamian Women and Their Social Roles, California – Do not sell my personal information. An inscription possibly belonging to a contemporary official under Gilgamesh was discovered in the archaic texts at Ur; his na… Known as 'Bilgames' in the Sumerian, 'Gilgamos' in Greek, and associated closely with the figure of Dumuzi from the Sumerian poem The Descent of Inanna, Gilgamesh is widely accepted as the historical 5th king of Uruk who reigned in the 26th century BCE. A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. Site created in November 2000. The epic of Gilgamesh the Babylonian epic poem and other texts in Akkadian and Sumerian This edition was published in 2003 by Penguin Books in London, . In it, there is an account of the great sage Utnapishtim, who is warned of an imminent flood to be unleashed by wrathful gods. Books At night, Shamash became judge of the underworld. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur (circa 2100 BC), it is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature. The motif of the quest for the meaning of life is first fully explored in Gilgamesh as the hero-king leaves his kingdom following the death of his best friend, Enkidu, to find the mystical figure Utnapishtim and gain eternal life. Mark, published on 29 March 2018 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Last modified March 29, 2018. Gilgamesh’s many challenges throughout the poem serve to mature the hero and make him a good king to his people. Introduction. Enkidu and Gilgamesh are considered an even match by the people but, after a fierce battle, Enkidu is bested. These independent stories were later used as source material for a combined epic in Akkadian. The Lounge . © HistoryOnTheNet 2000-2019. “The Epic of Gilgamesh” conveys many themes important to our understanding of Mesopotamia and its kings. He searches for Utnapishtim, an immortal man who survived the Great Flood, a precursor to the Biblical Noah. The Epic of Gilgamesh was one of the most beloved stories of Mesopotamia. (History Begins at Sumer, 270). O Gilgamesh, you were given the kingship, such was your destiny, everlasting life was not your destiny. Enkidu then heads for Uruk and meets Gilgamesh and they fight. Regarding this, the Orientalist Samuel Noah Kramer writes: Of the various episodes comprising The Epic of Gilgamesh, several go back to Sumerian prototypes actually involving the hero Gilgamesh. The gods decide to punish Gilgamesh by the death of Enkidu. According to the tale, Gilgamesh is a handsome, athletic young king of Uruk city. Gilgamesh's fear of death is actually a fear of meaninglessness and, although he fails to win immortality, the quest itself gives his life meaning. Gilgamesh finally finds Utnapishtim, who tells him to accept his mortality as he cannot change it. The Sumer region was in Mesopotamia, which is now the current Iraq. There are other references to him by known historical figures of his time such as King Enmebaragesi of Kish and, of course, the Sumerian King List and the legends which grew up around his reign. Gilgamesh’s father is said to have been the Priest-King Lugalbanda (who is featured in two Sumerian poems concerning his magical abilities which pre-date Gilgamesh) and his mother the goddess Ninsun (also known as Ninsumun, the Holy Mother and Great Queen). In the tradition of Anunnaki Divine Kingship, Gilgamesh was a Demi-God, born half human and half Anunnaki and he ruled the City Of Uruk on behalf of the Sumerian Anunnaki Gods.. As King, Gilgamesh was disliked for acts like raping women before their marriage night with their husbands. a larger picture for the Epic of Gilgamesh.1 The Epic of Gilgamesh recounts the tale of the hero-king of ancient Mesopotamia. This article is part of our larger resource on Mesopotamian culture, society, economics, and warfare. The piece is four minutes long and is intended only as a taste of what the music of ancient Sumer might have sounded like. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about Bilgamesh (Sumerian for "Gilgamesh"), king of Uruk, dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur (c. 2100 BCE). Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. He cries: How can I rest, how can I be at peace? (Sanders, 118). They so modified its content and molded its form, in accordance with their own temper and heritage, that only the bare nucleus of the Sumerian original remains recognizable. This historic piece of poetic literature actually predates Homer’s earliest writings by 1,500 years. Because I am afraid of death I will go as best I can to find Utnapishtim whom they call the Faraway, for he has entered the assembly of the gods. The systematic record keeping, the plow, which was the agricultural development. The Sumerian hero Gilgamesh traveled the world in search of a way to cheat death. It was no doubt widely read prior to the fall of the Assyrian Empire in 612 BCE and has become increasingly popular and influential since its rediscovery in 1879 CE. Gilgamesh rescues a powerful & potent goddess from a difficult situation which shows the high regard in which he was held. When Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh falls into a deep grief and, recognizing his own mortality through the death of his friend, questions the meaning of life and the value of human accomplishment in the face of ultimate extinction. Related Content The Akkadian version of the text was discovered at Nineveh, in the ruins of the library of Ashurbanipal, in 1849 CE by the archaeologist Austin Henry Layard. The Epic of Gilgamesh tells of the Sumerian Gilgamesh, the hero king of Uruk, and his adventures. He challenges all other young men to physical contests and combat. The Epic Of Gilgamesh In Sumerian Thread starter Cuyen; Start date Apr 22, 2020; Forums. “The Epic of Gilgamesh” tells of the Sumerian Gilgamesh, the hero king of Uruk, and his adventures. On one of his journeys, he came across an old man, Utnapishtim, who told Gilgamesh a story from centuries past. Despair is in my heart. Ancient Sumerian Culture in "The Epic of Gilgamesh" Imagine what a day in the life of a citizen of Uruk must have been like. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/gilgamesh/. The fullest extant text of the Gilgamesh epic is on 12 incomplete Akkadian-language tablets found at Nineveh in the library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (reigned 668–627 bce).The gaps that occur in the tablets have been partly filled by various fragments found elsewhere in Mesopotamia and Anatolia. First, he cannot remain awake for six days and six nights and, second, he fails to protect a magic plant; a snake eats the plant while Gilgamesh sleeps. In this story, Inanna (the Sumerian goddess of love and war) plants a tree in her garden with the hope of one day making a chair and bed from it. License. Shamash was the son of Sin. The first half of the epic concerns the adventures of Gilgamesh and Enkidu. The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem And Other Texts in Akkadian And Sumerian: George, Andrew: Amazon.sg: Books This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Waking up in the morning, looking outside and seeing, once again, that the scorpion-men of the East Mountain had opened the gates and Shamash the sun god had been pulled across the sky in his chariot (University 1). Gilgamesh was the King of Uruk, a majestic Sumerian city that is located in present-day Iraq. Offtopic. At first, Enkidu lives in the rural wilds, living with animals. As in the dark month, the month of shadows, so without him there is no light. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a pre-historic narrative in the world literature. Cite This Work The Epic of Gilgamesh is considered to be one of the most captivating and really worthwhile pieces of ancient works in Mesopotamian literature. Accordingly, Gilgamesh was a demi-god who was said to have lived an exceptionally long life (the Sumerian King List records his reign as 126 years) and to be possessed of super-human strength. "Gilgamesh." The epic itself is immortality and has served as the model for any similar tale which has been written since. Shamash, (Akkadian), Sumerian Utu, in Mesopotamian religion, the god of the sun, who, with the moon god, Sin (Sumerian: Nanna), and Ishtar (Sumerian: Inanna), the goddess of Venus, was part of an astral triad of divinities. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about 'Bilgamesh' (Sumerian for 'Gilgamesh'), king of Uruk. Whether the historical king existed is no longer relevant, however, as the character has taken on a life of his own over the centuries. The oldest epic tale in the world was written 1500 years before Homer wrote the Illiad. Prayers found inscribed on clay tablets address Gilgamesh in the afterlife as a judge in the Underworld comparable in wisdom to the famous Greek judges of the Underworld, Rhadamanthus, Minos, and Aeacus. From a human, mortal king, however, in stories Gilgamesh became the semi-divine hero of Mesopotamia’s greatest tale. According to legend, Gilgmesh was buried at the bottom of the Euphrates when the waters parted upon his death. The Newly Discovered Tablet V of the Epic of Gilgamesh, BBC News: Tomb of Gilgamesh Believed Found, Inanna, Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer, History Begins at Sumer: Thirty-Nine Firsts in Recorded History, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Click here for our comprehensive article on ancient Mesopotamia. Historical evidence for Gilgamesh's existence is found in inscriptions crediting him with the building of the great walls of Uruk (modern day Warka, Iraq) which, in the story, are the tablets upon which he first records his great deeds and his quest for the meaning of life. He travels through the mountains, over vast oceans, and finally locates Utnapishtim who offers him two chances at immortality; both of which he fails. No matter what, Inanna cannot rid herself of the pests and so appeals to her brother, Utu, god of the sun, for help. 1026 Words 5 Pages. The best-preserved version of the story, as noted, comes from Shin-Leqi-Unninni who most likely embellished on the original Sumerian source material. The Epic Of Gilgamesh In Sumerian. Gilgamesh has encounters with creatures, kings and gods and also provides a story of human relationships, feelings, loneliness, friendship, loss, love, revenge and the fear of death. Gilgamesh wins the fight, and he and Enkidu become the best of friends. This area is very famous due to writing which was the cuneiform script on the clay tablets. Cuyen Everything hurts and I'm dying ★★★★★ Joined Aug 13, 2018 Posts 38,915 Online 37d 22h 50m. Gilgamesh's father is said to have been the Priest-King Lugalbanda (who is featured in two Sumerian poems concerning his magical abilities which pre-date Gilgamesh) and his mother the goddess Ninsun (also known as Ninsumun, the Holy Mother and Great Queen). Most historians generally agree Gilgamesh was a historical king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who probably ruled sometime during the early part of the Early Dynastic Period (c. 2900 – 2350 BC). As for the plot structure of the epic as a whole - the forceful and fateful episodic drama of the restless, adventurous hero and his inevitable disillusionment - it is definitely a Babylonian, rather than a Sumerian, development and achievement. 16 Feb 2021. Written in cuneiform on 12 clay tablets, this Akkadian version dates from around 1300 to 1000 B.C. Men will say, "Who has ever ruled with might and with power like [Gilgamesh]?" Layard's expedition was part of a mid-19th century CE initiative of European institutions and governments to fund expeditions to Mesopotamia to find physical evidence to corroborate events described in the Bible. The first surviving version of this combined epic, known as th… The oldest epic tale in the world was written 1500 years before Homer wrote the Illiad. Mark, Joshua J. Gilgamesh. In no case, however, did the Babylonian poets slavishly copy the Sumerian material. According to the tale, Gilgame… Gilgamesh then returns to Uruk and becomes a good king. Eleven of the tablets form a continuous narrative poem, while the twelfth is a partial tranlsation of a Sumerian poem about Gilgamesh appended to the narrative, during the first millennium BCE. Fragments of epics have been found concerning several kings including Sargon of Agade (ruled 2334 to 2279 BCE), Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon (1125–1104 BCE), and Nabopolassar of Babylon … Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Written in cuneiform on 12 clay tablets, this Akkadian version dates from around 1300 to 1000 B.C. With your help we create free content that helps millions of people learn history all around the world. On the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh J. D. BING The University of Tennessee Writing some three decades ago in an attempt to identify the possible Sumerian sources for the Babylonian version of the Epic of Gilgamesh, S. N. Kramer confined his approach to isolating and analyzing various episodes within the Babylonian version in the light of The Epic of Gilgamesh did likewise as it is a compilation of tales, no doubt originally passed down orally, which was finally written down 700-1000 years after the historical king's reign. The years of its original creations and creators are still unknown, and this is what makes this epic poem so unique and interesting to read. He was seen as the brother of Inanna, one of the most popular goddesses, if not the most popular, in all of Mesopotamia. by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (CC BY-NC-SA), A German team of Archaeologists claim to have discovered the. See more ideas about epic of gilgamesh, ancient mesopotamia, sumerian. “The Epic of Gilgamesh” was one of the most beloved stories of Mesopotamia. Click here for our comprehensive article on ancient Mesopotamia. The demon and Anzu bird then flee and Gilgamesh, after taking the branches for himself, presents the trunk to Inanna to build her bed and chair from. Summary Of Gilgamesh’s Search For The Immortality Of The Anunnaki Gods. Accordingly, Gilgamesh was a demi-god who was said to have lived an exceptionally long life (the Sumerian King List records his reign as 126 years) and to b… The ancient Sumerian poem The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the oldest written stories in existence, translated with an introduction by Andrew George in Penguin Classics.Miraculously preserved on clay tablets dating back as much as four thousand years, the poem of Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, is the world's oldest epic, predating Homer by many centuries. The story focuses on the conduct of the gods “to explain the origin of some feature of the natural or social world.” The principal characters of the epic were “deities, demons, and demigods.” 2 The central setting of the Epic is in the ancient city-state of Uruk in the land of Sumer. The story of Gilgamesh's failure to realize his dream of immortality is the very means by which he attains it. Gilgamesh is the semi-mythic King of Uruk in Mesopotamia best known from The Epic of Gilgamesh (written c. 2150 - 1400 BCE) the great Sumerian/Babylonian poetic work which pre-dates Homer's writing by 1500 years and, therefore, stands as the oldest piece of epic world literature. The second half of the epic has Gilgamesh searching for immortality as he deeply mourns Enkidu’s death and worries about his own. These others may be friends, family, acquaintances, or may be strangers living long after one's death who continue to be touched by the eternal story of the hero's refusal to accept a life without meaning. The original version was written by Sumerians in the Sumerian language and the context constructed from numerous Mesopotamian traditions. Buy The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem And Other Texts in Akkadian And Sumerian New Ed by George, Andrew (ISBN: 9780713991963) from Amazon's Book Store. Mark, J. J. The grief of Gilgamesh, and the questions his friend's death evoke, resonate with every human being who has wrestled with the meaning of life in the face of death. Gilgamesh encourages hope in that, even though one may not be able to live forever, the choices one makes in life resonate in the lives of others. This theme has been explored by writers and philosophers from antiquity up to the present day. Enkidu comes to his friend's aid and kills the bull but, in doing so, he has offended the gods and is condemned to death. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, the great king is thought to be too proud and arrogant by the gods and so they decide to teach him a lesson by sending the wild man, Enkidu, to humble him. The Akkadian text is from around 1200 B.C.E., but we have fragments of it from Sumeria that are from 2000–2400 B.C.E. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Even in those episodes which lack Sumerian counterparts, most of the individual motifs reflect Sumerian mythic and epic sources. His mother was the goddess Ninsun and his father the priest-king Lugalbanda, making Gilgamesh semi-divine. The location for this performance is the courtyard of Nebuchadnezzar's palace in Babylon. This is thought to be the first appearance of Gilgamesh in heroic poetry and the fact that he rescues a powerful and potent goddess from a difficult situation shows the high regard in which he was held even early on. He is the wisest, strongest, His influence was so profound that myths of his divine status grew up around his deeds and finally culminated in the tales found in The Epic of Gilgamesh. They kill Humbaba, demon of the Cedar Forest, and this attracts the attention of Inanna (known by her Akkadian/Babylonian name Ishtar in the story). Failing to have won immortality, he is rowed back home by the ferryman Urshanabi and, once there, writes down his story. Stephanie Dalley, a scholar of the ancient Near East, states that "precise dates cannot be given for the lifetime of Gilgamesh, but they are generally agreed to lie between 2800 and 2500 BC". Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. The author of the version Layard found was the Babylonian writer Shin-Leqi-Unninni (wrote 1300-1000 BCE) who was thought to be the world's first author known by name until the discovery of the works of Enheduanna (2285-2250 BCE), daughter of Sargon of Akkad. Archaeological excavations, conducted through modern technology involving magnetization in and around the old riverbed of the Euphrates, have revealed garden enclosures, specific buildings, and structures described in The Epic of Gilgamesh including the great king's tomb. Mar 27, 2019 - The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia. The tree becomes infested, however, by a snake at its roots, a female demon (lilitu) in its center, and an Anzu bird in its branches. Gilgamesh was the ruler of the district of Kulab and fifth king of the city Uruk (Erech in biblical texts, current Warqa, in Iraq) around the year 2750 BC. He also proclaims his right to have sexual intercourse with all new brides. Edit: If anyone is interested in the Epic of Gilgamesh, it's an amazing read and only about 100 pages for the standard version. Who is Urshanabi in the Epic of Gilgamesh? However, Gilgamesh and Enkidu kill the Bull, which angers all the gods. For this reason, many historians have put it as the oldest remaining remnant of an epic in the history of Western literature. This epic story was discovered in the ruins of the library of Ashurbanipal in Nineveh by Hormuzd Rassam in 1853. Gilgamesh's struggle against apparent meaninglessness defines him - just as it defines anyone who has ever lived - and his quest continues to inspire those who recognize how eternal and intrinsically human that struggle is. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Shin-Leqi-Unninni drew upon Sumerian sources to create his story and probably had a significant number to work from as Gilgamesh had been a popular hero for centuries by the time the epic was created. Face of the Demon Humbababy Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (CC BY-NC-SA). In revenge, Ishtar asks the god Enlil for the Bull of Heaven, with which to attack Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh’s behavior upsets Uruk’s citizens and they cry out to the great god of heaven Anu for help with their young king. He freely accepts his defeat and the two become friends and embark on adventures together. Many ancient societies practiced polytheism at the time, and so did the people of Uruk and the whole of Mesopotamia. Most famously, Shulgi of Ur (2029-1982 BCE), considered the greatest king of the Ur III Period (2047-1750 BCE) in Mesopotamia, claimed Lugalbanda and Ninsun as his parents and Gilgamesh as his brother to elevate his reign in the eyes of the people. Gilgamesh statue at Sydney University (Samantha/Flickr/Creative Commons) The epic is composed in Akkadian out of much earlier Sumerian myths. Although Gilgamesh ultimately fails to win immortality in the story, his deeds live on through the written word and, so, does he. For example the Epic of Gilgamesh going from Sumerian, to Akkadian, to more modern languages. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 29 Mar 2018. Jan 9, 2021 - Explore Yvonne Carroll's board "Gilgamesh", followed by 598 people on Pinterest. Later Mesopotamian kings would invoke his name and associate his lineage with their own. Because of this, do not be sad at heart, do not be grieved or oppressed; he has given you power to bind and to loose, to be the darkness and the light of mankind. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Subject: The Epic of Gilgamesh in Sumerian From: GUEST,Cabbage Date: 10 Feb 21 - 01:04 PM Dear fellow troubadours, Do enjoy, the following is a link to a portion of the Epic of Gilgamesh performed in the original Sumerian by the legendary Peter Pringle. In the Sumerian tale of Inanna and the Huluppu Tree, in which the goddess Inanna plants a troublesome tree in her garden and appeals to her family for help with it, Gilgamesh appears as her loyal brother who comes to her aid. "Gilgamesh." Mark, Joshua J. Since The Epic of Gilgamesh existed in oral form long before it was written down, there has been much debate over whether the extant tale is more early Sumerian or later Babylonian in cultural influence. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. (2018, March 29). Web. Gilgamesh is rambunctious and energetic, but also cruel and arrogant. Ancient History Encyclopedia. This epic story was discovered in the ruins of the library of Ashurbanipal in Nineveh by Hormuzd Rassam in 1853. The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia, regarded as the earliest surviving notable literature and the second oldest religious text, after the Pyramid Texts. Casting away all of his old vanity and pride, Gilgamesh sets out on a quest to find the meaning of life and, finally, some way of defeating death. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Scott Michael Rank, Ph.D., is the editor of History on the Net and host of the History Unplugged podcast. Introduction to the Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction to the Epic of Gilgamesh. A German team of Archaeologists claim to have discovered the Tomb of Gilgamesh in April of 2003 CE. In the present day, Gilgamesh is still spoken of and written about. What these explorers found instead, however, was that the Bible - previously thought to be the oldest book in the world and comprised of original stories - actually drew upon much older Sumerian myths. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Gilgamesh Epic, often described as the earliest surviving great work of literature, with origins in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Inanna tries to seduce Gilgamesh but he rejects her, citing all the other men she has had as lovers who ended their lives poorly. The gods send a wild man, Enkidu, to challenge Gilgamesh. At the end of the story, when Gilgamesh lays dying, the narrator says: The heroes, the wise men, like the new moon have their waxing and waning. Sumerian Culture In The Epic Of Gilgamesh. Through his struggle to find meaning in life, Gilgamesh defied death and, in doing so, becomes the first epic hero in world literature. They conquer and kill the monster Humbaba, who the gods had set over the Forest of Cedar. He rules for 126 years, according to the Sumerian King List. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The Story of Gilgamesh & Agaby Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (CC BY-NC-SA). All rights reserved. Themes of friendship, the role of the king, enmity, immortality, death, male-female relationships, city versus rural life, civilization versus the wild and relationships of humans and gods resound throughout the poem. The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh dates back nearly 5,000 years and is thought to be perhaps the oldest written tale on the planet. He is partially civilized by a temple priestess, Shamhat, who seduces him and teaches him how to eat like a human being. It was written in cuneiform on twelve tablets that were found all around the world. Ancient History Encyclopedia. The epic of Gilgamesh is not the only Mesopotamian epic about a half-human, half-god king. Utu refuses but her plea is heard by Gilgamesh who comes, heavily armed, and kills the snake. Inanna is enraged and sends her brother-in-law, the Bull of Heaven, down to earth to destroy Gilgamesh. A historian of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, he is a publisher of popular history, a podcaster, and online course creator. Hossam The story of King Gilgamesh is one of the oldest and most beloved epic pieces of literature of Mesopotamia ever be known.